The prevalence of bleeding after percutaneous coronary interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Bleeding is a common complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bleeding after PCI through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis covered the period from 1989 to 2023. Multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences (WoS), MagIran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Google Scholar, were searched using validated keywords with MeSH and Emtree. The I2 index was used to check for heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS: The review of 8 studies, with a sample size of 397,298 participants, showed high heterogeneity (I2: 97.8 %). Therefore, the random effects method was used to analyze the results. The prevalence of bleeding after intervention in percutaneous coronary arteries was reported to be 4.4 % (95%CI: 2-9.1). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed a significant prevalence of bleeding after PCI, highlighting the need for health policymakers to pay more attention to the complications associated with PCI. Interventional cardiologists should consider the effective factors in these bleeding and how to treat and control them due to the importance of this complication.

Global prevalence of vasovagal syncope: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Today, vasovagal syncope is a common problem that has become a significant health and social challenge. The present study investigated the global prevalence of vasovagal syncope using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the global prevalence of vasovagal syncope using the keywords Prevalence, Epidemiology, Vasovagal syncope, and Reflex syncope in PubMed, WoS, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases, and Google scholar search engine without time limit until July 20, 2022, was extracted and transferred to the information management software (EndNote). Then the repeated studies were excluded, and researchers evaluated the remaining studies during three stages (i.e., screening, eligibility, and qualitative assessment). The heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index, and the analysis of eligible studies was performed using the random effects model. Results: In the review of 12 studies with a sample size of 36,156 people, the global prevalence of vasovagal syncope was reported as 16.4 (95%CI: 6-37.5), and the study of publication bias in the studies through the Egger test shows the absence of publication bias in the studies. Conclusion: The prevalence reported in the studies shows a high prevalence of vasovagal syncope, which requires serious intervention and preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. It is necessary for health policymakers to take effective measures in this field.

The global prevalence of low back pain in pregnancy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Back pain during pregnancy is often considered as an unavoidable problem and can reduce the quality of life or disability of pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine the global prevalence of back pain in pregnancy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: In this study, Researchers systematically searched electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engines for studies until September 2023. To analyze data, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies was checked with the I2 index. Data analysis was performed by software (Version 2 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis). RESULTS: In the review of 28 studies with a sample size of 12,908 people, the I2 heterogeneity test showed high heterogeneity (I2: 98.4). Based on this, the random effects method was used to analyze the results. Therefore, the meta-analysis reported the global prevalence of back pain at 40.5 (95% CI: 33-48.4) during pregnancy. Also, according to the meta-analysis, the global prevalence of back pain in the first trimester of pregnancy is 28.3 (95%CI: 10.5-57.1), in the second trimester is 36.8 (95%CI: 30.4-43.7) and in the third trimester of pregnancy was reported as 47.8 (95% CI: 37.2-58.6). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of back pain in pregnant women was reported to be significant, so it is necessary for health policymakers to pay more attention to complications during pregnancy, in addition to increasing society's awareness of pregnant mothers, with timely diagnosis and treatment of such disorders, it can lead to improvement; and reduction in Complications caused by pregnancy and becoming more pleasant during pregnancy.

The global prevalence of gallstones in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gallstone disease is the second most common non-gynecological disease that may require surgical intervention during pregnancy. This study investigates the global prevalence of gallstones in pregnancy through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported the global prevalence of gallstones in pregnancy was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published up to September 2022. Results: In a review of 31 studies with a sample size of 190,714 people, the I2 heterogeneity test showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%). Therefore, the random effects method was used to analyze the results. The prevalence of gallstones was reported as 3.6% (95% CI: 1.9-6.7%). The highest prevalence of gallstones by continent was reported in America, at 6.8% (95% CI: 4.2-10.8%). The Egger test showed no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.609). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, health policymakers should emphasize to the target community and the medical staff dealing with pregnant women the importance of screening for gallstones during pregnancy.

Unhealthy Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors among Underweight and Overweight Adolescents in Southern Thailand.

(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase; dietary intake and nutritional status significantly impact health outcomes. (2) Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated dietary patterns (DPs) and the association between sociodemographic factors and unhealthy DPs among adolescents in Thailand. (3) Methods: A multi-stage sampling selected 1480 participants from three public high schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province. A food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary habits, and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between sociodemographic factors and DPs. (4) Results: The findings show that 25.9% of adolescents were underweight, 14.7% were overweight, and 5.8% were obese. Three DPs were identified: a healthy 'protein and vegetables' pattern and two unhealthy patterns: 'snacks' and 'processed foods', which explained 12.49%, 10.37%, and 7.07% of the dietary variance, respectively. Among underweight adolescents, higher snack consumption was associated with being younger (odds ratio (OR) = 3.24) and receiving a higher daily allowance (OR = 3.43). Additionally, female adolescents who engaged in frequent exercise had a 2.15 times higher intake of processed foods. Among overweight adolescents, higher snack intake was linked to being younger (OR = 8.65) and having larger families (OR = 6.37). Moreover, an increased daily allowance was associated with higher consumption of processed foods (OR = 11.47). (5) Conclusion: This study underscores the socio-demographic influence on unhealthy DPs. Insights can guide targeted interventions to foster healthier dietary habits during adolescence.

Levels and Predictors of Proactive Practical Experience to Solve COVID-19 among Public Health Officers in Primary Care Units in the Upper Southern Region, Thailand: An Explanatory Mixed Methods Approach.

Public Health Officers (PHOs)' experiences in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic can be based on whether the PHO is active or passive regarding five experience aspects, including knowledge, understanding, opinion, participation, and practice. Therefore, this study's objectives are to identify the types of experiences and analyse the predictors of proactive practical experiences in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic among PHOs in the southern region of Thailand. METHODS: An explanatory mixed methods approach was used to collect data, through questionnaires and online in-depth interviews. This study was conducted from 4 August 2020 to 3 August 2021. RESULTS: The results include 60 PHOs from 60 Primary Care Units in six provinces, with 41 (68.3%) females and an average age of 35.57 years (SD = 11.61). The PHOs' knowledge, understanding, and participation experience aspects were mostly proactive rather than passive. The factors that significantly predicted proactive practical experiences included sex (ORadj = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04-2.21), age (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48), married status (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48), education level (ORadj = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02-2.20), and position for work (ORadj = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.16-2.48). The results of quantitative method were confirmed by 12 sub-themes of 8 PHOs' experiences from qualitative method. CONCLUSIONS: The PHOs' knowledge, understanding, opinion, and participation experiences were significant predictors of practical experience. Primary health care systems should promote proactive experiences in all four aspects to increase proactive practical experiences.

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Parasitic infections are among the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a well-known type of parasitic infection in children. Given the existence of several reports on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different provinces of Iran and the heterogeneity of the reported prevalence data, this study aims to investigate the overall prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study involved a comprehensive search of several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SID, and Google Scholar, focusing on cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection in Iranian children. The identified studies were entered into the EndNote software for review. The quality of observational studies was evaluated using the STROBE checklist. The information extracted from the studies was entered into the Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA, Version 2) software. Heterogeneity among the studies was analyzed using the I2 test, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger test and funnel plot. Results: A total of 51 studies, with a sample size of 46,070 children, were included in the review. Using the random effects method, the overall prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran was determined to be 6.7% (95%CI: 5.2-8.6). The review of the factors affecting study heterogeneity and sample size indicated that as sample size increased, the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran also increased (p = 0.578). Additionally, with an increase in the year of conducting the studies, the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study show a relatively high prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran. We recommend health policymakers recognize the significance of this issue and take necessary measures to reduce the incidence of this infectious agent in children, implementing more effective preventive measures through mass media and educational campaigns.

Prevalence and factors associated with long COVID and mental health status among recovered COVID-19 patients in southern Thailand.

Mental health disorders have become a growing public health concern among individuals recovering from COVID-19. Long COVID, a condition where symptoms persist for an extended period, can predict psychological problems among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of long COVID and mental health status among Thai adults who had recovered from COVID-19, identify the association between the mental health status and long COVID symptoms, and investigate the risk factors associated with the correlation between long COVID and mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 939 randomly selected participants in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to investigate mental health symptoms, and a checklist comprised of thirteen common symptoms was used to identify the long COVID among participants. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the risk factors associated with mental health status and long COVID symptoms among participants. Among the 939 participants, 104 (11.1%) had depression, 179 (19.1%) had anxiety, and 42 (4.8%) were stressed. A total of 745 participants (79.3%) reported experiencing at least one symptom of long COVID, with fatigue (72.9%, SE±0.02), cough (66.0%, SE±0.02), and muscle pain (54.1%, SE±0.02) being the most frequently reported symptoms. All long COVID symptoms were significantly associated with mental health status. Shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest tightness were the highest risk factors for mental health status among COVID-19 patients. The final multivariable model indicated that female patients (OR = 1.89), medical history (OR = 1.92), and monthly income lower than 5,000 Thai baht (OR = 2.09) were associated with developing long COVID symptoms and mental health status (all p<0.01). This study provides valuable insights into the potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health and enhances understanding of the mechanisms underlying the condition for predicting the occurrence of mental health issues in Thai COVID-19 patients.

Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients face several challenges due to the nature of the disease and its physical and psychological complications. Sleep disorders are among the most important concerns. Sleep disorders can aggravate the signs and symptoms of the disease and ultimately reduce the quality of patients' lives. This study uses a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the reported prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients. METHODS: To find related studies, the WoS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched without a lower time limit. Heterogeneity among the identified studies was checked using the I2 index, and the Begg and Mazumdar correlation test examined the existence of published bias. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v.2) software was adopted to analyze the data. RESULTS: In the review of 18 studies with a sample size of 5,840, the overall pooled prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients based on the random effects method was found to be 53% (95% CI: 44.9-61). The highest and lowest prevalence was in Egypt at 90% and Australia at 19.2%, respectively. Our meta-regression results show that with the increase in 'sample size' and 'year of publication', the overall prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with AS decreases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate a high and significant prevalence of sleep disorders among AS patients. Thus, health policymakers and healthcare providers must focus on timely diagnosis and effective educational and therapeutic interventions for the prevention and proper treatment of sleep disorders in this population of patients.

The global prevalence of sexual dysfunction in obese and overweight women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a pressing public health risk issue worldwide. Women, in particular, face a higher risk of obesity. Recent research has highlighted the association between obesity and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the global prevalence of sexual dysfunction in obese and overweight women through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: In this study, a systematic search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search aimed to identify studies published between December 2000 and August 2022 that reported metabolic syndrome's impact on female sexual dysfunction. RESULTS: The review included nine studies with a sample size of 1508 obese women. The I2 heterogeneity index indicated high heterogeneity (I2: 97.5). As a result, the random effects method was used to analyze the data. Based on this meta-analysis, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with obesity was reported as 49.7% (95%CI: 35.8-63.5). Furthermore, the review comprised five studies involving 1411 overweight women. The I2 heterogeneity test demonstrated high heterogeneity (I2: 96.6). Consequently, the random effects model was used to analyze the results. According to the meta-analysis, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in overweight women was 26.9% (95% CI: 13.5-46.5). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it has been reported that being overweight and particularly obese is an important factor affecting women's sexual dysfunction. Therefore, health policymakers must acknowledge the significance of this issue in order to raise awareness in society about its detrimental effect on the female population.

Prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among recovered COVID-19 patients in Vietnam.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of mental health distress has been reported among people who have recovered from the disease. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress as well as identify predictors among recovered COVID-19 patients after more than six months of being discharged in Dong Thap Province, Vietnam. Material and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 549 eligible participants recruited by stratified sampling. Data was collected using the depression, anxiety and stress scale - 21 items had Content Validity Index = 0.9, and Cronbach's alpha for depression, anxiety and stress sub-scales were 0.95, 0.81, and 0.86, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the prevalence levels and distribution of characteristics of the participant, while factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress were predicted using binary logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 24.8% (95% CI: 21.2-28.6), 41.5% (95% CI: 37.4-45.8), and 25.3% (95% CI: 21.7-29.2), respectively. The predictors of depression were living in urban area (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.27-3.08), holding a bachelor's degree (OR:3.51; 95% CI: 1.13-10.8), having a high monthly income (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.03-6.38), diabetes (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.04-4.68), heart disease (OR: 3.83; 95% CI: 1.79-8.17), respiratory disease (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.24-9.84), and diarrhea (OR: 4.07; 95% CI: 1.06-15.6). Living in the urban area (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.07-2.29), having sleep disturbance (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.56-3.46), and fatigue (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03-2.39) were predictors for anxiety. Having respiratory disease (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.47-9.60) or diarrhea (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.18-15.9) were predictors of stress. Conclusion: People who have recovered from COVID-19 should be assessed for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Primary healthcare providers should develop interventions to support their recovery.

The Effect of IL-6 174G > C Gene Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

IL-6 gene polymorphisms can play a role in the development or control of cancer by affecting cytokines. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancers based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. In this study, a systematic and meta-analytical review of the study data on the effect of polymorphism of IL-6 174G > C gene on gastrointestinal cancer (gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer) in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct Databases was extracted without any time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of eligible studies, the model of random effects was used and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated with I2 index. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). The total number of surveyed studies in patients with colorectal cancer was 22 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88. The odds ratio of GC genotype obtained in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.88 and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with colorectal cancer was 0.92. The total number of surveyed studies in patients with gastric cancer was 12. Based on the meta-analysis results, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.74, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 1.27, and the odds ratio of CC genotype in patients with gastric cancer was 0.78. The total number of surveyed studies in esophageal cancer patients was 3 studies. Based on the results of meta-analysis, the odds ratio of GG genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.57, the odds ratio of GC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.44, and the odds ratio of chance of CC genotype in patients with esophageal cancer was 0.99. In general, different genotypes of polymorphism of the IL-6 174G > C gene reduce the risk of gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancer. However, the GC genotype of this gene was associated with a 27% increased risk of gastric cancer.

Factors associated with long-term mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

BACKGROUND: One of the main therapy for coronary artery disease is surgery. Prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with cardiac surgery is associated with high mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors related to long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study in which the records of 1361 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and were on a mechanical ventilator during 2019-2020 at the Imam Ali Heart Center in Kermanshah city were examined. The data collection tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, health records, and clinical variables. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical tests and SPSS Version 25 software. RESULTS: In this study, of the 1361 patients, 953 (70%) were male. The results indicated that 78.6% of patients had short-term mechanical ventilation, and 21.4% had long-term mechanical ventilation. There was a statistically significant relationship between the history of smoking, drug use, and baking bread with the type of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.05). Also, based on the regression test, some parameters, such as the history of respiratory conditions, could predict the prolongation of mechanical ventilation. Creatinine levels before surgery, chest secretions after surgery, central venous pressure after surgery, and the status of cardiac enzymes before surgery also affect this issue. CONCLUSION: This study investigated some factors related to prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing heart surgery. For optimizing the care and therapeutic measures, It is suggested, healthcare workers have a detailed assessment on patients with factors such as the history of baking bread, history of obstructive pulmonary disease, history of kidney disease, use of an intra-aortic pump, number of respirations and systolic blood pressure 24 h after surgery, creatinine level 24 h after surgery, chest secretions after surgery, and the amount of pre-operative ejection fraction and cardiac enzymes (CK-MB).

The risk of sexual dysfunction associated with alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse among women is a significant health problem. Consuming alcohol in high amounts causes decreased sexual stimulation, vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia, and difficulty reaching orgasm. Due to the different effects of alcohol consumption on sexual function, this study aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on sexual dysfunction in women. METHODS: In this study, the researchers conducted a systematic search of several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, to identify studies reporting the impact of alcohol consumption on female sexual dysfunction. The search was conducted up until July 2022. A total of 225 articles were searched in the databases, and an additional 10 relevant articles were identified through manual search. After removing 93 articles due to duplication, 90 articles were excluded based on the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. During the merit evaluation phase, 26 articles were excluded through the full-text study based on the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria, while 26 articles were excluded due to their low quality. Ultimately, only 7 studies were deemed suitable for the final evaluation. The analysis was conducted using a random effects model, while the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index. Data analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software. RESULTS: Based on the review of 7 studies involving a total sample size of 50,225 women and using the random effects method, the calculated odds ratio was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.006-3.04). This indicates that alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of sexual dysfunction in women by 74%. The Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test, was used to analyze the distribution bias, but the results were not significant at the 0.1 significance level (p = 0.763). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate a significant correlation between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of sexual dysfunction in women. These results highlight the need for policymakers to prioritize this issue and raise awareness regarding the harmful effects of alcohol consumption on female sexual function and its impact on population health and reproduction.

The global prevalence of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the life-threatening coronary-associated pathologies characterized by sudden cardiac death. The provision of complete insight into MI complications along with designing a preventive program against MI seems necessary. METHODS: Various databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar search engine) were hired for comprehensive searching. The keywords of "Prevalence", "Outbreak", "Burden", "Myocardial Infarction", "Myocardial Infarct", and "Heart Attack" were hired with no time/language restrictions. Collected data were imported into the information management software (EndNote v.8x). Also, citations of all relevant articles were screened manually. The search was updated on 2022.9.13 prior to the publication. RESULTS: Twenty-two eligible studies with a sample size of 2,982,6717 individuals (< 60 years) were included for data analysis. The global prevalence of MI in individuals < 60 years was found 3.8%. Also, following the assessment of 20 eligible investigations with a sample size of 5,071,185 individuals (> 60 years), this value was detected at 9.5%. CONCLUSION: Due to the accelerated rate of MI prevalence in older ages, precise attention by patients regarding the complications of MI seems critical. Thus, determination of preventive planning along with the application of safe treatment methods is critical.

Embryonic mercury exposure in zebrafish: Alteration of metabolites and gene expression, related to visual and behavioral impairments.

The widespread presence of mercury, a heavy metal found in the environment and used in numerous industries and domestic, raises concerns about its potential impact on human health. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of this environmental toxicant at low concentrations are often underestimated. There are emerging studies showing that accumulation of mercury in the eye may contribute to visual impairment and a comorbidity between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) trait and visual impairment. However, the underlying mechanism of visual impairment in humans and rodents is challenging. In response to this issue, zebrafish larvae with a cone-dominated retinal visual system were exposed to 100 nM mercury chloride (HgCl2), according to our previous study, followed by light-dark stimulation, a social assay, and color preference to examine the functionality of the visual system in relation to ASD-like behavior. Exposure of embryos to HgCl2 from gastrulation to hatching increased locomotor activity in the dark, reduced shoaling and exploratory behavior, and impaired color preference. Defects in microridges as the first barrier may serve as primary tools for HgCl2 toxicity affecting vision. Depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), alpha-linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), stearic acid, L-phenylalanine, isoleucine, L-lysine, and N-acetylputrescine, along with the increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sphingosine-1-phosphate, and citrulline assayed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) suggest that these metabolites serve as biomarkers of retinal impairments that affect vision and behavior. Although suppression of adsl, shank3a, tsc1b, and nrxn1a gene expression was observed, among these tsc1b showed more positive correlation with ASD. Collectively, these results contribute new insights into the possible mechanism of mercury toxicity give rise to visual, cognitive, and social deficits in zebrafish.

Global prevalence of constipation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Constipation is one of the most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in older adults. To date, no systematic review or previous meta-analysis has estimated the global prevalence of constipation in older adults. The prevalence of this disorder has been reported differently in different studies; therefore, this study aims to systematically review the publications and to perform a meta-analysis of the prevalence of constipation in older adults. METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of constipation in older adults up to February 2022. To perform the analysis, the random effects model was used, and heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and expressed as I2. RESULTS: Out of 5341 evaluated publications, 36 met the eligibility criteria. These studies included 58,405 older adults aged 60-93 years. The overall prevalence of constipation in older adults was 18.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 14.7-23.9%). The prevalence of constipation in older adults according to Rome II criteria was 16.2% (95% CI: 6.8-33.7), based on Rome III criteria was 19.2% (95% CI: 12.6-28.1), and based on Rome IV criteria was 10.3% (95% CI: 5.8-17.7). The highest prevalence of constipation was found in older adults in Africa at 32.3% (95% CI: 21.5-45.4), and the lowest in Asia at 13.6% (95% CI: 9.1-19.9). Concerning diagnostic tools, the highest prevalence of constipation was found if a self-reporting tool was applied with a value of 19.7% (95% CI: 15.8-24.3). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that health policymakers should pay more attention to the prevention of constipation in older adults, including raising public awareness to the importance of nutrition and diet and physical activity in older adults.

Executive protocol designed for new review study called: systematic review and artificial intelligence network meta-analysis (RAIN) with the first application for COVID-19.

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a suite of technologies can complement systematic review and meta-analysis studies and answer questions that cannot be typically answered using traditional review protocols and reporting methods. The purpose of this protocol is to introduce a new protocol to complete systematic review and meta-analysis studies.In this work, systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-analysis network based on selected AI technique, and for P < 0.05 are followed, with a view to responding to questions and challenges that the global population is facing in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.Finally, it is expected that conducting reviews by following the proposed protocol can provide suitable answers to some of the research questions raised due to COVID-19.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Extract ameliorates branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in acute reserpine-induced stress zebrafish model via 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach.

Depression is a common mental disorder that can adversely affect psychosocial function and quality of life. However, the exact aetiology and pathogenesis of depression are still unclear. Stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of depression. The use of currently prescribed antidepressants has many side effects. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has shown promising antidepressant activity in rodent models. Here, we developed a reserpine-induced zebrafish stress-like model and performed behavioural analysis, cortisol measurement and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis to test the anti-stress activity of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica (RECA). A significant increase in total distance travelled (F(8,8) = 8.905, p = 0.0054) and a reduction in freezing duration (F(9, 9) = 10.38, p = 0.0018) were found in the open field test (OFT). Asiaticoside, one of tested C.asiatica's triterpenoid gives a significant increase in contact duration (F(5,5) = 142.3, (p = 0.0330) at 2.5 mg/kg). Eight biomarkers were found, i.e. ß-hydroxyisovaleric acid, leucine, threonine, scylloinositol, lactate, betaine, valine, choline and l-fucose, to be responsible for the class separation between stress and RECA-treated groups. Metabolic pathway alteration in zebrafish brain upon treatment with RECA was identified as valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, while alanine, aspartate, glutamate and glycerophospholipid metabolism was involved after fluoxetine treatment.